无法安装MySQLdb的一个解决办法

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由于项目（前人代码）需求，需要使用 python2 + MySQLdb，但在安装 MySQLdb的时候出错。

现将错误及解决办法记录如下。

  1. 习惯性使用 conda 安装：
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$ conda install MySQLdb
Fetching package metadata .........................

PackageNotFoundError: Packages missing in current channels:
            
  - mysqldb
We have searched for the packages in the following channels:
            
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
  - ......

我一开始只是简单地以为是 conda 仓库没有包含这个包。

  1. 使用 pip2 安装
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$ pip2 install MySQLdb # MySQLdb不支持python3
Collecting MySQLdb
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement MySQLdb (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for MySQLdb

这下子问题就大了，毕竟 MySQLdb 停止更新太久了，于是上 PyPI 搜了一下，果不其然，找不到这个包了。在宁桑的指导下，转战 Github，找到了提供相同接口的包 mysqlclient，开心，直接找到 #install-from-pypi 按照文档一顿操作。

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$ pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading ……
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    sh: 1: mysql_config: not found
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-VJVKuw/mysqlclient/setup.py", line 17, in <module>
        metadata, options = get_config()
      File "/tmp/pip-build-VJVKuw/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 44, in get_config
        libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
      File "/tmp/pip-build-VJVKuw/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 26, in mysql_config
        raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,))
    EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-VJVKuw/mysqlclient/

没想到吧.jpg

试了一下：

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$ mysql_config
The program 'mysql_config' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt install libmysqlclient-dev

很好，装上 libmysqlclient-dev 之后一切顺利，问题不大。结果发现，人家 mysqlclient 的文档里面还有一个 #Prerequisites ，里面写了一句这样的话：

You may need to install the Python and MySQL development headers and libraries like so:

  • sudo apt-get install python-dev libmysqlclient-dev # Debian / Ubuntu

行吧。

mysqlclient 甚至提供了对 python3 的支持。